A Tutoring System Implemented in the Self-Access Center in the Language School at UABC, Tijuana, México

María del Rocío Domínguez Gaona, Mexico

María del Rocío Domínguez Gaona is a professor at the Language Department UABC Tijuana, Mexico. Idiomas.tij.uabc.mx

Menu

Introduction
Background
History and Examples
Conclusions
References
Appendix 1-5 (in Spanish)

Introduction

The intention of this paper is to share a tutoring system that has been used in the self-access center of the Language Department at the Autonomous University of Baja California campus Tijuana. This system is part of the on-going training course for language students and is carried out during the semester. It consists of 8 sessions of 15 to 30 minutes with a tutor every two weeks. It can be carried out in small groups or individually. The first part of the paper narrates some issues about the opening of the self-access centers at UABC. The second part presents and explains the tutoring system in detail.

Background

The Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC) started its first self-access project in 1994 on the Mexicali Campus as a response to the training courses that the British Council started two years before. A group of UABC teachers began a research study to explore the possibilities of the implementation of a self-access center in the language department and the needs the students had regarding the languages taught in that department. They researched university students who were the potential users of the center. These students were approached in their departments (schools) and were given a questionnaire where they were asked if they would like to study a language, about the skills they wanted to develop while learning the language, if they would attend the center and the best times to do it. They responded they would like to learn English mainly and that they wanted to develop the four skills, reading, writing, listening and speaking. They said they would like to have a self-access center and the schedule to use it was during the whole day. An interview was conducted to find out what the authorities thought about the idea of opening a self-access center and the language skills students should develop. They showed interest in the opening of the center but it was surprising to find out that authorities thought university students should only develop reading skills. It is important to mention that this university is located on the border with the United States and as a consequence a lot contact occurs between people from both countries.

The project to implement the self-access center was developed, and included the description of physical spaces, equipment, materials, some sample materials were incorporated. The roles and the training for teachers and students as well as the administration of the center were also considered in the plan. To try the initial training course for students and the new materials (which were adapted materials taken from commercial language textbooks), the first level groups were selected. First, they were trained and allowed to use the materials once a week in their classrooms. Materials were places in boxes to be moved from one classroom to another, teachers stayed there and helped students with questions. However, students could choose any materials they preferred, only printed material was used.

History and Examples

It was in 1996 that the first formal self-access center was opened in the Language Department in Mexicali. However, a space for self-access study was organized in the Tecate campus, and Tijuana started its own project in 1995. A similar study to the one developed in Mexicali was carried out in Tijuana with very similar results. The center was formally opened in 1996 with space for 100 students with a reception space, a computer room with 10 computers that included educational software such as Vektor and Wida, an audio room with 15 tape recorders, two small rooms to have conversation sessions, a room for reading and writing, one room for tutoring and a room for the administrative work. The training of students was at the beginning of each semester. One teacher developed a set of training packages for students from the different levels which included different sections. Some of these were devoted to sensitize students about the implications of learning a language independently, others were devoted to the development of metacognitive and cognitive strategies where students were expected to acquire strategies that allowed them to develop language skills appropriately. Students were trained in such a way for many years. It was by the 2000 that a new tutoring system was implemented in the self-access center in Tijuana to provide students with on-going training during the semester and support their work in the center.

Students were already receiving an initial training course at the beginning of their studies at the language department but that was not enough for students to know what to do in the self-access center. There were tutors in the center to provide some sort of help to the users. However, their sessions lacked of a structure, they were similar to an appointment with a doctor. The students arrived and were asked by the tutor what the problem seemed to be. Students usually talked about their problems with the language such as grammar, vocabulary building, listening or speaking; the tutors, on the other hand gave them extended explanations of the question made. Students were not improving their work in the center and were not developing autonomy with that help.

A way to improve this situation was looked for. One possibility, apart from delivering more training courses to the teachers, was a tutoring system to provide tutors with a structure and somehow assure the development of autonomy in the students. This system consisted of eight sessions that helped tutors guide students in the center and continue with the students' preparation in learning autonomy. Each section was 15 or 30 minutes long every two weeks. To continue, a detailed description of the tutoring system will be given.

This system was not provided to all students because there were not enough tutors. All students in the Language Department, 1500 students, had to attend the center and were potential participants of the tutoring program. Because of this constraint, it was not possible to include all students, but only the ones who needed more support in their studies and in the center. Each teacher had to select the students who would attend the tutoring sessions. Once the students were registered and the tutors were assigned, the program began the second or the third week of the language course. The first session had as a main objective to help students analyze their needs and prepare them to organize an action plan to be developed during the whole semester. Students also had to commit themselves to attend the sessions and the center regularly. In addition, students were asked to fill out the action plan format as homework. This format included the objectives for the semester such as "to increase my vocabulary…" or "to pronounce the past form of irregular verbs correctly". It also included activities to perform in the center or outside the school, the names of the materials that they would use in the center, the week they would be working on that particular activity or material. The intention of the action plan was to help students organize their time and work in the center.

The format of the needs analysis was adapted from Sheering (1989) and included the skills and the priority to develop them.
Motivated they were and how to work on it if they had problems

In the second session, the action plan had to be revised and recommendations were given. Students were given a motivational quiz designed to see how they felt about learning (See quiz in appendix #1). The objectives of this quiz were to find out the level of motivation and to find a way to raise it. This As homework, students were asked to fill out a quiz about the center to verify the students' understanding of its functioning. The main objective of the session was to find out if students knew what they were doing in the center.

In the third session, the main objective was to assure that students knew how the center worked. The tutor and the student toured the center, its areas, materials, equipment and operation. The tutor started with strategy work, specifically with self-assessment strategies. The main point here was that students could understand the importance of recognizing their own progress as part of their learning. (Harris and McAnn, 1994) Students were given some check lists that helped them recognize their progress in writing and speaking (An example is included in appendix #2).

The forth, fifth, sixth and seventh sessions were devoted to the development of learning strategies for grammar, vocabulary, speaking, listening, reading and writing. Special exercises or tips were prepared by each tutor for each session. One example of a tip was to learn the opposites of the words to increase vocabulary. A list of those tips and examples of strategy exercises are given in Appendix # 3. Several authors present strategy work as an important aspect to develop autonomy, since learning strategies are defined as "operations employed by the students to help them acquire, store, retrieve and use information… are specific actions that learners adopt to learn in a more self-directed and effective way". (Oxford, 1990: 8) As a result, strategies can be seen as tools for students learning more consciously and effectively. This is the reason why several sessions were given to the development of strategies. Students were taught to learn how to learn as Ellis and Sinclair (1989) suggest in their book Learning to Learn English.

The last session was devoted to summarize the work done during the semester and to establish some goals for the next, providing students with a starting point to continue. Tutors used it as a tool to make students see their progress and to evaluate somehow the materials they used so that they could see their benefits. See the format used in Appendix #4.

This tutoring program could be worked tutor-to-student or tutor-to-a group of students. The availability of tutors and the demand would define the type of sessions that would be provided. This system was used for all tutors for a while but at present only some of them use it. The reason for this change was the change of administration and the lack of training in the system of some of the new tutors. The tutors who still use it say it is useful and provides them with a structure. They also claim it gives them a way to focus on the students' work in the center instead of on the students' language doubts.

Conclusions

This tutoring program was developed with ideas from authors such as Ellis and Sinclair, Sheerin, Dickinson, Holec, Oxford, Cotterall, and Groult. The system aimed to improve the tutoring sessions and to guide tutors toward the development of autonomy and the work in the self-access center instead of only reinforcing the language class. It seems the objective was fulfilled by the time and was a good option as part of the on-going training of the students. It was not very frequent but it was not very sporadic either. There has not been a formal evaluation of the system to assure it was a complete success, but because of the comment of some tutors it helped them do their work with the students. To see the complete tutoring program see appendix 5.

New ways to train students, or let state it in a different way, to help students develop autonomy in the self-access center, have to be devised because things change. The students, the tutors and the institution have changed since the first self-access project started in the 90s.

References

Dickinson, L. (1987) Self-instruction in Language Learning. England: Cambridge University Press.

Domínguez, M.R. (1996) Proyecto del centro de Auto-Acceso-Tijuana. Tijuana, B.C.: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California.

Domínguez, M.R. y Montaño M.S. (1994) Proyecto del Cenrtro de Auto-Acceso. Mexicali, B.C. Universidad Autónboma de Baja California.

Ellis, G. and Sinclair, B (1989) Learning to Learn English: A Course in Learner Training. England: Cambridge University Press

Harris and McCann (1994). Assessment. Hong Kong: MacMillan Heinemann.

Jensen, E. (1979) You Can Succeed: The Ultimate Study Guide for Students. USA: Editorial Barron's Educational Series.

Oxford, R.L. (1990) Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know. Boston: Heinle and Heinle Publishers.

Sheering, S. (1989) Self-access. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press.

Willing K. (1989) Teaching How to Learn. Sydney: National Center for English Language Teaching and Research.

Appendix 1-5 (in Spanish)

Appendix 1

Puntaje

Pregunta # 1
Si la pudiste responder = 1
Si no la pudiste responder = 0
2 SÍ= 0 NO= 1
3 SÍ= 0 NO= 1
4 SÍ= 1 NO= 0
5 SÍ= 1 NO= 0
6 SÍ= 0 NO= 1
7 SÍ= 0 NO= 1
8 SÍ= 1 NO= 0
9 SÍ= 1 NO= 0
10. SÍ= 0    NO= 1

Interpretación del puntaje

1-3 = Tu motivación anda un poco escondida. Tienes que aprender a automotivarte. Recuerda que la motivación está en ti mismo no en lo que los demás hacen. Lee los consejos que te damos en la interpretación de resultados.

4-7= Ten cuidado, tu motivación está en peligro y debes aumentarla. ¿Cómo? Revisa las preguntas donde tu puntaje fue de 0 y sigue los consejos que te damos en la interpretación de resultados.

8-10 = Nos da mucho gusto que tu motivación sea tan buena. Sin embargo no te olvides de seguirla cultivando. Por favor lee los comentarios en la sección de interpretación de resultados.

Interpretación de Resultados

1. SÍ = esto significa que sabes muy bien lo que quieres. Ahora bien. ¿Ya decidiste en cuanto tiempo lo vas a lograr? ¿Qué estás haciendo para alcanzarlo? No = Debes establecer un objetivo ya que te ayudará a definir tu camino y saber que hacer. Te dará seguridad. NO olvides visualizar qué es lo que debes hacer para lograrlo y definir en cuanto tiempo. Una idea es hacer un compromiso de trabajo como el del centro y cuando lo cumplas, prémiate con algo que quieras o que te guste.

2 y 3 = Con pereza no se llega a ninguna parte. Por otro lado es importante desarrollar el deseo de querer lograr un objetivo para así desarrollarte y verte convertido en alguien capacitado. No olvides que el conocimiento brinda muchas oportunidades. (Para la oportunidad hay que estar preparado).

4 = Es muy importante sentirse aceptados, comprendidos por los demás ya que la tranquilidad emocional nos permite aprender mejor.

5 = Es necesario saber estudiar; esto quiere decir que te formes hábitos que te ayuden a aprender. Por ejemplo, memorizar, tomar notas, repasar lo visto en clase, estudiar diariamente, utilizar de manera adecuada tu tiempo. Si tú sabes como aprender te sentirás motivado.

6 = Cuando una persona se preocupa demasiado por lo que estudia se está poniendo una barrera para aprender ya que ésta preocupación se puede convertir en miedo. Cree en ti mismo y no te preocupes si aprendes rápidamente o no.

7 = Si tienes muchas otras actividades ten cuidado ya que podrían ser demasiadas y que no te concentres realmente en ninguna de ellas.

8 = Aquella persona que tiene mucho interés en aprender algo ya lleva bastante camino andado. Pero si aún no lo tienes, y si te gustaría alcanzar un objetivo sigue el siguiente consejo: Enlista las cosas positivas que te traerían el lograr tu objetivo y las cosas negativas. Responde esta pregunta: ¿Cuáles son más importantes? Visualiza los beneficios y reafirma tus objetivos.

9 = Cuando nuestro estado de salud no es bueno. No podemos concentrarnos en el estudio y por lo tanto nos desanimamos en lo que hacemos debido a los malos resultados que obtenemos. Cuida tu salud.

10 = No puedes decir que careces de inteligencia ya que todos contamos con las mismas habilidades mentales Sigue intentándolo.

Ideas tomadas de Jensen, E. (1979) You Can Succeed: The Ultimate Study Guide for Students. Barron's Educational Series.

Appendix 2

4 o menos = Habla con tu maestro y trata de practicar mucho.
5-7 = No vas muy mal sin embargo tienes que seguir practicando.
8 o más = Muy bien, sigue practicando.

Appendix 3

UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA
ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS COORDINACIÓN TIJUANA

ESTRATEGIAS DE ESTUDIO

MEJORAR LA COMUNICACIÓN ORAL

PIENSE EN LAS SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS

SI CONTESTO QUE SI A LAS PREGUNTAS ANTERIORES FAVOR DE ESCRIBIR LAS FRASES QUE UTILIZA EN ESAS SITUACIONES.

AHORA PIENSE EN LO QUE HACE EN SU PROPIO IDIOMA TOMANDO EN CUENTA LAS TRES PRIMERAS PREGUNTAS.

COMENTARIO: Estas estrategias son importantes ya que nos ayudan a comunicarnos mejor. Úsalas y buena suerte.

ELABORADO POR ROCÍO DOMÍNGUEZ GAONA

UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA
ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS COORDINACIÓN TIJUANA

ESTRATEGIAS DE ESTUDIO

APRENDE VOCABULARIO CON APOYO VISUAL Objetivo: Desarrollar el vocabulario utilizando diccionarios con apoyo visual y auditivo (cassette)

MATERIALES: Diccionario con apoyo visual y cassette

PROCEDIMIENTO

PRIMERA SESIÓN

1. Relacionar el dibujo con cada palabra mientras se encucha el cassette.
2. Repetir las palabras mientras se observan las imágenes 2 o tres veces, o las veces que se consideren necesarias
3. Se recomienda que se traten de aprender de 10 a 20 palabras a la vez y que se refieran todas al mismo tema. Por ejemplo, "comida", "ropa" para que sea más fácil recordarlas.

SEGUNDA SESIÓN

1. Escuchar el cassette viendo las imágenes tratando de recordar las palabras (cubra la sección de las palabras)
2. Escuche y repita las palabras 3 veces, o las veces que se consideren necesarias.

TERCERA SESIÓN

1. Vea las imágenes y repita las palabras
2. Vea las imágenes y eschuche el cassette
3. Utilice las palabras en alguna conversación para darse cuenta que ya se las sabe; o bien escriba un párrafo utilizando esas palabras de acuerdo al tema al que éstas se refieran.

NOTA: Para practicar el vocabulario se pueden hacer los ejercicios que acompañan al diccionario.

DICCIONARIOS RECOMENDADOS:

The New Oxford Picture Dictionary (Versión monolingue o bilingüe)
The Oxford Picture Dictionary
Word by Word Basic Picture Dictionary, Prentice Hall

ELABORADO POR ROCÍO DOMÍNGUEZ GAONA

UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA
ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS COORDINACIÓN TIJUANA

ESTRATEGIAS DE ESTUDIO

APRENDER LA PRONUNCIACIÓN DE PALABRAS POR ASOCIACIÓN

Objetivo: Aprender vocabulario asociando palabras del nuevo idioma y de la lengua materna (español)

PROCEDIMIENTO:

Piensa en 10 palabras que son difíciles de aprender y escríbelas.

Piensa en la pronunciación de estas palabras.

A que palabras del español se parece la pronunciación escríbelas junto a las palabras del otro idioma. En ocasiones no toda la palabra se parece pero sí parte de élla, en este caso subraya la parte que se parece.

Estudia las dos palabras, la palabra en el nuevo idioma y la palabra en la lengua materna (español)

Trata de recordar la pronunciación de la nueva palabra asociándola a la palabra de la lengua materna (español)

EJEMPLO:
Palabra difícil en el nuevo idioma= CHALK
Pronunciación= / chok/
Palabra en español= Chocolate

CHALK -> /chok/ -> Chocolate

The teacher needs a ?????? (Chocolate -> choc) The teacher needs a chalk

ES FÁCIL

ELABORADO POR ROCÍO DOMÍNGUEZ

Appendix 4

RESUMEN DE TRABAJO

Nombre del alumno: ________________________________________________

Objetivos iniciales:

Habilidades en las que se trabajó durante el semestre: Tiempo dedicado a cada una de ellas: Habilidades                                                            Tiempo Lectura                       _____________             _____________ Escritura                     _____________             _____________ Producción Oral           _____________             _____________ Comprensión auditiva    _____________             _____________ Gramática                    _____________            _____________ Vocabulario                   _____________             _____________

Conclusiones: ¿Desarrollé las habilidades y los ejercicios de manera adecuada? ¿Puse mi empeño para desarrollar las habilidades? ¿Me gustaron los ejercicios que hice? ¿Qué aprendí? ¿Dediqué al centro el tiempo que había planeado?

Plan para el futuro: ¿En qué voy a trabajar el próximo semestre? ¿Cuál será mi objetivo? ¿Qué voy a hacer de manera diferente para que me dé mejores resultados?

Comentarios generales:

Appendix 5

SISTEMA DE TUTORÍAS

1RA SESIÓN

1. REVISION DEL ANÁLISIS DE NECESIDADES
2. REVISION DEL CONTRATO DE TRABAJO
3. AYUDARLE AL ALUMNO A ESTABLECER SUS OBJETIVOS
4. ENSEÑARLE AL ALUMNO A ELABORAR SU PLAN DE ACCIÓN
5. DE TAREA ELABORAR SU PLAN DE ACCIÓN

2DA SESIÓN

1. REVISAR EL PLAN DE ACCIÓN.
2. HACER OBSERVACIONES SOBRE EL PLAN DE ACCIÓN.
3. DARLE EL QUIZ SOBRE MOTIVACIÓN Y REVISAR LOS RESULTADOS JUNTOS.
4. DE TAREA RESPONDER CUESTIONARIO SOBRE EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DEL CENTRO.

3RA SESIÓN

1. REVISAR EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DEL CENTRO: LAS ÁREAS, LOS TIPOS DE MATERIALES Y MEDIOS Y LOS ASPECTOS ADMINISTRATIVOS.
2. VERIFICAR QUE LOS USUARIOS SEPAN UTILIZAR LOS DIFERENTES APARATOS DEL CENTRO.
3. PREPARAR AL ALUMNO EN CUANTO A ESTRATEGIAS DE AUTO-EVALUACIÓN.

4TA SESIÓN

1. DESARROLLAR ESTRATEGIAS DE APRENDIZAJE 1: GRAMÁTICA/ VOCABULARIO
2. MATERIALES DE GRAMÁTICA/VOCABULARIO: USO DE CATÁLOGOS

5TA SESIÓN

1. DESARROLLAR ESTRATEGIAS DE APRENDIZAJE 2: COMPRENSIÓN AUDITIVA/ PRODUCCIÓN ORAL
2. MATERIALES DE COMPRENSIÓN AUDITIVA/PRODUCCIÓN ORAL

6TA SESION

1. DESARROLLAR ESTRATEGIAS DE APRENDIZAJE 3: ESCRITURA/LECTURA
2. MATERIALES DE ESCRITURA Y LECTURA

7MA SESIÓN

DESARROLLAR ESTRATEGIAS DE MEMORIZACIÓN

8VA SESIÓN

ELABORAR JUNTO CON EL ALUMNO UN RESUMEN DEL TRABAJO DESARROLLADO EN EL CENTRO DE AUTO-ACCESO.

Please check the Secondary Teaching course at Pilgrims website.
Please check the Expert Teacher course at Pilgrims website.